Glossary for Anxiety

• 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder caused by the absence of a small portion of genetic material. A small section of chromosome 22 is missing at a location called q11.2. Chromosome 22 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes that exist in humans.
• ADD: Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a mental and behavioral disorder characterized by behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, inattention, concentration difficulty, and other mental symptoms. The related description Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may be a more modern description of the disease.

  Misdiagnosis of ADD is a well-known controversy in the sense that cases of hyperactivity in children may be over-diagnosed. There is a tendency for parents to seek and doctors to prescribe the drug Ritalin even in cases where the diagnosis of ADD or ADHD may be incorrect. Alternative diagnoses include normal child behavior (i.e. just an active child), food intolerances, or other behavioral disorders (see misdiagnosis of ADD).

  On the other hand, ADD is under-diagnosed in adults, with a large number of adults having ADD without knowing it; see misdiagnosis of Adult ADD.

• ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a mental and behavioral disorder characterized by behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, inattention, concentration difficulty, and other mental symptoms. Typically, ADHD and associated hyperactivity is known as a childhood disorder, although ADD/ADHD in adults is known to be under-diagnosed. It is distinguished from Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) which has a reduced focus on hyperactivity type symptoms.
• Acarophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of mites, ticks, small insects and worms.
• Accelerated hypertension: Accelerated hypertension is a condition characterized by a rapid increase in blood pressure. The condition is a medical emergency which can cause organ damage if not treated promptly.
• Acebutolol Hydrochloride -- Teratogenic Agent: Experimental studies on rats indicate that using Acebutolol Hydrochloride during pregnancy produces no harmful effects on the developing fetus. Acebutolol Hydrochloride is a beta blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythm. Other reports indicate that use in pregnant women also produces no harmful effects on the fetus.
• Achluophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the night or darkness.
• Acne: Pimples and blackheads on the face and skin.
• Acousticophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of noise.
• Acute intermittent porphyria: A rare metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the porphobilinogen deaminase enzyme which results in a build-up of porphyrins or its precursors in the body. Using certain drugs or eating certain foods can trigger the symptoms of the condition.
• Addiction: Any of various addictions to substances or activities.
• Addison's Disease: A rare progressive hormonal disorder characterized by insufficient production of certain hormones called adrenal corticosteroids.
• Adjustment Disorder: This is a maladaptive reaction to identifiable stress
• Adrenal Cortex Diseases: Diseases of the adrenal cortex. Examples includes Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome and adrenal fatigue.
• Adrenal gland hypofunction: Reduced adrenal gland activity due to damage to the adrenal gland or lack of stimulation of the gland. Pituitary hormones stimulate adrenal gland activity.
• Adrenal hypertension: Adrenal hypertension is high blood pressure caused by adrenal gland problems. For example, an adrenal tumor can cause excessive production of aldosterone which in turn causes salt-retention and high blood pressure. Severity of symptoms varies depending on the underlying cause.
• Adrenal hypofunction: A condition which is characterized by a lack of production of hormones from the adrenal gland.
• Adult Panic-Anxiety Syndrome: A psychiatric disorder involving anxiety and panic attacks that occur for no obvious reason.
• Aelurophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cats.
• Aerophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of fresh air, breezes and flying.
• Affective Disorders, Psychotic: A mental disorder involving mood disturbance and psychotic symptoms.
• Agyrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of crossing roads. It includes a fear of being attacked on the street or being unable to defend oneself while crossing the road.
• Aichmophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of pointy objects or needles.
• Akathisia: Specific type of feeling of restlessness or anxiety (usually from medications)
• Albuterol -- Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Albuterol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Alcohol Withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when alcohol consumption is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Alcohol-Induced Disorders: Disorders caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The symptoms are variable depending on the disorder involved. Some of the disorders are: alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, alcohol intoxication delirium, alcohol withdrawal delirium, alcohol-induced persisting dementia, alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disorder, alcohol-induced psychotic disorder, alcohol-induced mood disorder, alcohol-induced anxiety disorder, alcohol-induced sexual dysfunction, alcohol-induced sleep disorder, liver damage, liver cancer and esophageal cancer.
• Alcohol-induced hypertension: Alcohol-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by excessive drinking of alcohol.
• Alcoholic intoxication: The excessive consumption of alcohol can have toxic effects on the body and can ultimately result in death in severe cases.
• Alcoholism: Alcoholism is the compulsive urge to drink alcohol despite knowing the negative impact on one's health.
• Alektorophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of chickens.
• Algophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of pain
• Alzheimer disease 10: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 10 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10p13.
• Alzheimer disease 12: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 12 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 8p12-q22.
• Alzheimer disease 13: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q21. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 14: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q25. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 15: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 3q22-q24. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 16: Alzheimer disease 16 (late-onset) is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome Xq21.3. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 2, late-onset: Alzheimer disease 2 (late-onset) is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 19q13.2. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 3, (early-onset Alzheimer disease): Alzheimer disease 3 is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 5: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 5 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 12p11.
• Alzheimer disease 6: A genetic form of Alzheimer's. Type 6 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10q24.
• Alzheimer disease 7: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 7 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10p13.
• Alzheimer disease 8: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 8 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 20p.
• Alzheimer disease 9: A genetic form of Alzheimer's. Type 9 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.2.
• Alzheimer disease, early-onset, with cerebral amyloid angiopathy: An early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 21q21. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 1: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 21q. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 11: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 9p22.1. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 3, with spastic paraparesis and apraxia: This form of Alzheimer's is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. It is characterized by features which are atypical for Alzheimer's - spastic paraparesis which occurs before the dementia symptoms and apraxia. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 3, with spastic paraparesis and unusual plaques: This form of Alzheimer's is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. It is characterized by features which are atypical for Alzheimer's - spastic paraparesis which occurs before the dementia symptoms and unusual plaques in the brain. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 4: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q31-q42. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer's Disease: Dementia-causing brain disease mostly in seniors and the elderly.
• Amantadine -- Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Amantadine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Amathophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of dust.
• Amaxophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of riding in a vehicle or being in one.
• Ambien withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Ambien (Zolpidem) use is discontinued or reduced. Ambien is a sedative hypnotic drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Amphetamine abuse: Use of the stimulant drugs known as amphetamines or "speed"
• Amphetamine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when amphetamine use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Amphetamines include dexamphetamine (speed), Ritalin and MDMA (ecstasy).
• Amphetamine-induced hypertension: Amphetamine-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by use of amphetamines. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking amphetamines and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of amphetamine use.
• Amychophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being scratched or clawed.
• Androphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of men
• Angina Pectoris: Variant of Angina Pectoris, where episodic chest pain occurs without exertion or provocation, due to a transient spasm of a coronary artery; more common in women
• Anginophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of angina, choking or narrowness of the throat.
• Anglophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of England or the English.
• Ankylophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of stiff or immobile joints.
• Anoxemia: Lack of oxygen in the blood
• Anthophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of flowers.
• Anthropophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of people and groups of people.
• Antlophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of floods.
• Anxiety attack: Sudden onset of extreme anxiety
• Anxiety conditions: Medical conditions related to anxiety, fear, and panic.
• Anxiety disorders: Anxiety disorders are persistent and excessive feelings of fear, worry or uneasiness that are significant enough to have an impact on day-to-day life. Excessive anxiety can have repercussions on physical and mental health. There are a number of different subtypes of anxiety disorders such as General anxiety, Social anxiety, Phobias, Hypochondria and Obsessive compulsive disorder.
• Anxiety, separation: A term used when children become upset when they are separated from a parent or carer. The situation is most commonly witnessed when children are taken to day care. Other situations include when the child is left with a baby sitter or made to sleep on his/her own. It is a normal condition during childhood.
• Anxiety-tension syndrome: Anxiety associated with physical symptoms such as tense muscles and fatigue.
• Aortic aneurysm, familial abdominal 1: A rare familial disorder where the abdominal aorta has a weak, bulging portion. The condition is asymptomatic but can result in death if it bursts. Type 1 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 19q13.
• Aortic aneurysm, familial abdominal 2: A rare familial disorder where the abdominal aorta has a weak, bulging portion. The condition is asymptomatic but can result in death if it bursts. Type 2 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4q31.
• Aortic aneurysm, familial abdominal 3: A rare familial disorder where the abdominal aorta has a weak, bulging portion. The condition is asymptomatic but can result in death if it bursts. Type 3 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 9p21.
• Apeirophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of infinity.
• Apiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of bees.
• Arachibutyrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth.
• Arachnephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of spiders.
• Asperger Syndrome, Susceptibility to, 1: Asperger Syndrome is considered to be a mild form of autism and manifests in symptoms such as problems with social interactions and repetitive behavior patterns and interests. Language and cognition skills are considerable less affected than in autism. Researchers have discovered that there are a number genetic anomalies linked to an increased risk of developing Asperger Syndrome. Type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome 3q25-q27.
• Asperger Syndrome, Susceptibility to, 2: Asperger Syndrome is considered to be a mild form of autism and manifests in symptoms such as problems with social interactions and repetitive behavior patterns and interests. Language and cognition skills are considerable less affected than in autism. Researchers have discovered that there are a number genetic anomalies linked to an increased risk of developing Asperger Syndrome. Type 2 is linked to a defect on chromosome 17p13.
• Asperger Syndrome, Susceptibility to, 3: Asperger Syndrome is considered to be a mild form of autism and manifests in symptoms such as problems with social interactions and repetitive behavior patterns and interests. Language and cognition skills are considerable less affected than in autism. Researchers have discovered that there are a number genetic anomalies linked to an increased risk of developing Asperger Syndrome. Type 3 is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q21-q22.
• Asperger Syndrome, X-linked, Susceptibility to, 1: Asperger Syndrome is considered to be a mild form of autism and manifests in symptoms such as problems with social interactions and repetitive behavior patterns and interests. Language and cognition skills are considerable less affected than in autism. Researchers have discovered that there are a number genetic anomalies linked to an increased risk of developing Asperger Syndrome. X-linked type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome Xq13.
• Asperger Syndrome, X-linked, Susceptibility to, 2: Asperger Syndrome is considered to be a mild form of autism and manifests in symptoms such as problems with social interactions and repetitive behavior patterns and interests. Language and cognition skills are considerable less affected than in autism. Researchers have discovered that there are a number genetic anomalies linked to an increased risk of developing Asperger Syndrome. X-linked type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome Xp22.3.
• Asperger syndrome: A neuropsychiatric disorder mainly involving the inability to understand and becoming involved in social interaction.
• Asthenophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of weakness or fainting.
• Astraphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of lightning and thunder.
• Astrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of stars and celestial space.
• Ataxiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of muscular incoordination (ataxia). This disorder is not to be confused with ataxophobia which is a fear of disorder or untidiness.
• Ataxophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of disorder or untidiness. This disorder is not to be confused with ataxiophobia which is a fear of muscular incoordination (ataxia).
• Atelophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of imperfection.
• Atenolol -- Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Atenolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Atephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of ruin.
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Behavioral disorder with hyperactivity and/or inattention.
• Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, Susceptibility to, 1: ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common neurobehavioral developmental disorder that usually occurs in childhood and can continue into adulthood. Researchers have discovered a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility to ADHD. Type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome 16p13.
• Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, Susceptibility to, 2: ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common neurobehavioral developmental disorder that usually occurs in childhood and can continue into adulthood. Researchers have discovered a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility to ADHD. Type 2 is linked to a defect on chromosome 17p11.
• Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, Susceptibility to, 3: ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common neurobehavioral developmental disorder that usually occurs in childhood and can continue into adulthood. Researchers have discovered a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility to ADHD. Type 3 is linked to a defect on chromosome 6q12.
• Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, Susceptibility to, 4: ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common neurobehavioral developmental disorder that usually occurs in childhood and can continue into adulthood. Researchers have discovered a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility to ADHD. Type 4 is linked to a defect on chromosome 5p13.
• Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, Susceptibility to, 5: ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common neurobehavioral developmental disorder that usually occurs in childhood and can continue into adulthood. Researchers have discovered a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility to ADHD. Type 5 is linked to a defect on chromosome 2q21.1.
• Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, Susceptibility to, 6: ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common neurobehavioral developmental disorder that usually occurs in childhood and can continue into adulthood. Researchers have discovered a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility to ADHD. Type 6 is linked to a defect on chromosome 13q12.11.
• Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, Susceptibility to, 7: ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common neurobehavioral developmental disorder that usually occurs in childhood and can continue into adulthood. Researchers have discovered a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility to ADHD. Type 7 is linked to a defect on chromosome 12q21.
• Attenuated congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A late onset form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia where insufficient adrenal corticosteroids are produced by the body due to the deficiency of a particular chemical. The severity of symptoms varies from person to person and onset may occur as early as childhood.
• Aulophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of flutes.
• Aurophobia: An exaggerated or irrational dislike of gold.
• Auroraphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of Auroral lights.
• Autism: Childhood mental condition with social and communication difficulties.
• Autoimmune limbic encephalitis: Limbic encephalitis is an inflammation of the limbic system which is the part of the brain responsible for basic autonomic functions. In the paraneoplastic type, the inflammation is caused by autoimmune processes.
• Automysophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being dirty.
• Autonomic Dysreflexia: A complication of spinal cord injury where a particular stimulus can trigger an excessive response from the autonomic nervous system which causes blood pressure to rise - sometimes to dangerous levels. Stimuli that can trigger the response include bladder irritation, bowel irritation (e.g. due to constipation, gas, enema), skin irritation (e.g. due to burns, pressure sores, ingrown toenails), broken bones, tight clothing, labour and temperature extremes. The severity and frequency of the condition is highly variable. The condition occurs in patients with tetraplegia or with loss of sensation above the lower rib cage.
• Autonomic dysreflexia syndrome: A complication caused by injury to the neck or upper back region of the spinal cord. Symptoms are induced by stimulation below the level of the injury which can be caused by such things as distended bladder, scratching the feet, squeezing the penis, stimulation of the rectum or accumulation of gas.
• Autophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being egotistical or being by oneself.
• Bacillophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of missiles.
• Bacterial pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) due to a bacterial infection. It can occur as a complication of a bacterial infection in some other part of the body. It is most often a complication of a respiratory infection but skin and oral infections may also be a cause. Bacterial pericarditis may also occur after heart surgery. It occurs predominantly in males aged 20 to 50 years. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Bacteriophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of bacteria.
• Barophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of gravity.
• Barre-Lieou syndrome: A rare condition where trauma (such as pinching by adjacent vertebrae or arthritis) to the sympathetic nerves located in the spinal area of the neck results in a variety of neurological symptoms.
• Bathmophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of walking.
• Bathophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of depths. This can include a fear of lakes or long hallways.
• Batophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of passing high buildings.
• Batrachophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of frogs or toads.
• Behavioral disorders: Disorders affecting behavior and emotional wellbeing
• Belonephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of pins and needles.
• Benazepril Hydrochloride -- Teratogenic Agent: Experimental studies on rats indicate that the use of Benazepril Hydrochloride during pregnancy may cause various harmful effects on the fetus. The likelihood and severity of symptoms may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at. The effect on human fetuses has not been conclusively determined.
• Benign Fasciculation Syndrome: Common movement disorder manifesting in a fine (fast) tremor; it is an inherited condition of unknown cause.
• Betaxolol -- Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Betaxolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Bibliophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of books.
• Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis syndrome: A complication that can occur following the removal of the thyroid gland.
• Bisoprolol -- Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Bisoprolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Blennophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of slime.
• Body packer syndrome: Consuming packages of drugs for the purpose of concealing them for transportation.
• Bogyphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of demons and goblins.
• Borderline Personality Disorder: Mental condition with behavioral and emotional problems.
• Briquet syndrome: A rare, chronic mental disorder characterized mainly by often claiming to have constant physical illness when none is able to be detected. It most often occurs in young females.
• Bromidrosiphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of having unpleasant body odor.
• Brontophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of thunder and thunderstorms.
• Bulimia nervosa: Eating disorder with binging (overeating) and purging (vomiting).
• Burning mouth syndrome- Type 3: A rare condition where there is a burning sensation in the mouth and tongue. Type 3 describes mouth burning that comes and goes during the day and is often linked to anxiety and allergies (especially food additives).
• CFS subtype 1 (cognitive, musculoskeletal, sleep, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 1 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being anxiety, depression and cognitive, musculoskeletal and sleeping problems.
• CFS subtype 2 ( musculoskeletal, pain, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 2 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being anxiety, depression, pain and musculoskeletal problems.
• CFS subtype 3 (mild): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 3 tends to have milder symptoms than other subtypes.
• CFS subtype 4 (cognitive, musculoskeletal, sleep, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 4 tends to be dominated by cognitive symptoms.
• CFS subtype 5 (musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 5 tends to be dominated by musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal symptoms.
• CFS subtype 6 (postexertional): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 6 tends to be dominated by excessive fatigue following exertion.
• CFS subtype 7 (pain, infectious, musculoskeletal, sleep, neurological, gastrointestinal, neurocognitive, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 7 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being pain, infections, anxiety, depression and musculoskeletal, sleep, neurological, gastrointestinal and neurocognitive problems.
• Caffeine addiction: Caffeine addiction is the uncontrollable craving for caffeine products such as coffee. Other caffeinated products include diet pills, chocolate, pain killers, cold remedies and soft drinks. Cessation causes withdrawal symptoms which can vary in nature and severity.
• Cainophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of novelty.
• Cancerophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cancer.
• Cancerphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cancer.
• Carbamate insecticide poisoning: Excessive ingestion of carbamate insecticide drugs.
• Carcinomatophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cancer.
• Carcinomophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cancer.
• Carcinophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cancer.
• Cardiac tamponade: Symptoms caused by compression of the heart due to the accumulation of blood or fluid in the space between the heart muscle and the membrane covering the heart.
• Cardiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of heart disease.
• Carukia barnesi sting: The Irukandji jellyfish is a very small type of box jellyfish found mainly in the northern tropical waters of Australia. Their sting is not particularly painful by the ensuing symptoms can be severe and life-threatening.
• Cathisophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sitting down.
• Catoptrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of mirrors.
• Celexa -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Celexa (an antidepressant) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 1: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 6p21.3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 10: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3q25-q26. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 11: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3q28. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 12: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 6q25.3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 13: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect in the SH2B3 gene on chromosome 12q24. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 2: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 5q31-q33. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 3: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 2q33. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 4: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.1. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 5: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 15q11-q13. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 6: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 4q27. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 7: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 1q31. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 8: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 2q11-q12. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 9: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3p21. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celtophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of Celts.
• Cenophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of a void or open spaces.
• Central nervous system oxygen toxicity: High oxygen levels which affects the central nervous system. The condition can occur during deep dives with fatal consequences.
• Ceraunophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of thunder and lightning.
• Chaetophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of hair.
• Cheimatophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cold.
• Chemical addiction: Addiction to and abuse of various substances.
• Chemical poisoning -- Carbaryl: Carbaryl is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning -- Carbon Disulfide: Carbon Disulfide is a chemical used mainly in corrosion inhibitors, cold and nickel plating, photography applications and as a solvent in gums and resins. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning -- Chlordecone: Chlordecone is an insecticide used to control pests in crops such as bananas and tobacco. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning -- Chloropicrin: Chloropicrin is a chemical used mainly in fumigants for grain storage. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning -- Cologne: Colognes contain chemicals such as ethanol and isopropanol which can cause symptoms if ingested or inhaled in excessive quantities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning -- DDD: DDD is a chemical used mainly as a pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning -- DDT: DDT is a chemical used mainly as a pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning -- Ethylamine: Ethylamine is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of dyes, rayon, rocket propellant, as a fuel additive and in leather-tanning and cellulose treatment. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning -- Monocrotophos: Monocrotophos is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning -- Sodium Monofluoroacetate: Sodium Monofluoroacetate is a chemical used mainly as a rodenticides, often to control mammal pests in crops. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning -- Strychnine: Strychnine is used as a rodenticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning -- Toluene: Toluene is a chemical used mainly in pesticides, degreasers, glues and pain removers. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Cherophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of gaiety.
• Chest pain: Pain in the chest area.
• Chinophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of snow.
• Chlorpheniramine -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Chlorpheniramine (an antihistamine medication) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cholerophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cholera.
• Chrematophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of wealth.
• Chrometophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of money.
• Chromophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of colors.
• Chromosome 17p, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 22q deletion: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 22 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder caused by the absence of a small portion of genetic material. A small section of chromosome 22 is missing at a location called q11.2. Chromosome 22 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes that exist in humans.
• Chronic constrictive pericarditis:
• Chronic orthostatic hypotension: An excessive drop in blood pressure when the patient stands up causing light-headedness or dizziness.
• Chronophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of time. Prisoners often develop a fear of time passing.
• Cibophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of food.
• Cinderella's stepmother syndrome: A term used to describe the behaviors that stepmothers display in order to become more accepted by the family.
• Cleptophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of thieves or of being robbed by thieves.
• Clinophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of going to bed.
• Cnidophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of insect stings.
• Cocaine addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use cocaine on a regular basis. Chronic cocaine use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Cocaine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when cocaine use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Cocaine-induced hypertension: Cocaine-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by use of cocaine. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking cocaine and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of cocaine use.
• Coitophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sexual intercourse.
• Combat stress reaction: A term used in the military which refers to behaviors that result from the stress of fighting in a war.
• Cometophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of comets.
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia -- non-classical form: A late onset form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia where insufficient adrenal corticosteroids are produced by the body due to the deficiency of a particular chemical. The severity of symptoms varies from person to person and onset may occur as early as childhood.
• Congenital hepatic porphyria: A rare congenital disorder where there is an excess of porphyrin (pigments) in the body. The liver is responsible for making porpyrins.
• Conn Syndrome-induced hypertension: Conn Syndrome-induced hypertension is high blood pressure associated with Conn Syndrome. It results from excessive production of a hormone called aldosterone by the adrenal glands. The high blood pressure often responds poorly to the usual medications. Death can result in severe cases.
• Constrictive pericarditis: Inflammation, swelling and thickening of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) which causes it to tighten around the heart and affect its function. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Constrictive tuberculous pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) that occurs as a complication of tuberculosis. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Coprophobiaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of feces or excrement.
• Corticosteroid-induced hypertension: Corticosteroid-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by use of corticosteroids. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking corticosteroids. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of corticosteroid therapy.
• Coulrophobia: An exaggerated or abnormal fear of clowns. Children are most often affected but teenagers and adults can occasionally be affected as well.
• Crack addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use crack on a regular basis. Chronic crack use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Crack is a form of cocaine - powdered cocaine is heated with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate to make rocks of crack. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Crack withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when cocaine hydrochloride use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Cremnophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of precipices.
• Cryophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of extreme cold, frost or ice.
• Crystal meth addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use crystal meth on a regular basis. Crystal meth is a powerful stimulant used illegally for its effects. It is highly addictive and known by street names such as ice, speed, glass, crank and chalk. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Crystallophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of glass or crystals.
• Cushing syndrome, familial: A hormonal disorder caused by high levels of the cortisol hormone due to the abnormal development of the adrenal gland.
• Cushing's disease: A condition of hyperadrenocorticism which is secondary to excessive pituitary secretion of ACTH. Cushing's disease is different to Cushing's syndrome which refers to the effects of glucocorticoid excess from any cause.
• Cushing's syndrome: A rare syndrome where excessive secretion of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex leads to a variety of symptoms. Hormone-secreting adrenal or pituitary tumors are often the cause of the excessive corticosteroid secretion.
• Cushing's syndrome-induced hypertension: Cushing's syndrome-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by a condition caused Cushing's syndrome where the adrenal glands produce excessive amounts of cortisol.
• Cyclosporine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Cyclosporine-induced hypertension: Cyclosporine-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by taking cyclosporine. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking amphetamines and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of cyclosporine use.
• Cymophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of waves.
• Cynophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of dogs.
• Cypridophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of venereal disease.
• Cystitis: Bladder infection or inflammation
• Damocles syndrome: Stress, anxiety and uncertainty experienced by people who have been successfully treated for childhood cancer.
• Darvocet withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Darcovet use is discontinued or reduced. Darcovet is a pain-killer. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Decreased cardiac output: descreased amount of blood pumped by the heart
• Decreased oxygen saturation: decreased amount of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium
• Deipnophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of dining and dinner conversation.
• Delirium: Severe state of mental confusion
• Dementia: Various mental impairment conditions.
• Demonophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of demons or spirits.
• Demophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of crowds.
• Deposition diseases related fibromyalgia: Deposition diseases related fibromyalgia refers to fibromyalgia that is associated with deposition diseases. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized mainly by pain mainly in the muscles which involves no associated damage to the tissues. Deposition diseases involve the abnormal deposit of material in parts of the body such as the joints e.g. gout.
• Depression: Various syndromes with excessive anxiety, phobias, or fear.
• Dermatophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of skin disease.
• Dextrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of objects on the right side of the body.
• Diaphragmatic paralysis: Diaphragmatic paralysis occurs when the muscles associated with breathing become do weak to function properly. Breathing becomes difficulty and severe cases can result in death if breathing assistance is not delivered. The condition can result from such things as motor neuron disease, trauma and myopathy.
• Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen
• Dikephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of justice.
• Dilaudid withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Dilaudid use is discontinued or reduced. Dilaudid is a pain-killing drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Dinophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of whirlpools.
• Diplopiaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of double vision.
• Dipsophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of drinking.
• Discontinuation syndrome: Symptoms that can occur when a person suddenly stops taking their high blood pressure medication.
• Domatophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being inside a house.
• Doraphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of contact with animal fur or skin.
• Down's Syndrome associated Alzheimer's disease: Early-onset Alzheimer's is more prevalent in Down's Syndrome sufferers than in the general population. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Drug-induced hypertension: Drug-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by taking certain drugs or medications e.g. corticosteroids, cyclosporine, amphetamines, alcohol and estrogens.
• Dry mouth: A condition characterized by the sensation of a dry mouth
• Dysmorphophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of deformity. It usually relates to deformities in other people.
• Dysomnia: Dysomnia is a general term for sleep disorder. It is a primary sleep disorder in which the patient suffers from changes in the quantity, quality, or timing of sleep.
• Early-onset Alzheimer's: Early-onset Alzheimer's is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to genetic defects or occurs in a familial pattern. It is not as common as the non-inherited form of Alzheimer's - occurs in up to 90% of Alzheimer sufferers. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Ecclesiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of church.
• Ecophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of home surroundings.
• Ecstasy abuse: Use of the illicit drug called ecstasy
• Ecstasy addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use ecstasy on a regular basis. Chronic ecstasy use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Ecstasy is a synthetic psychoactive drug often used as a recreational drug. Street names for the drug includes: XTC, Adam, Clarity, Lover's Speed, Hug, Beans and Love Drug. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Ecstasy withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when ecstasy use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Ectopic ACTH Syndrome: A tumour arising in the body which releases excess quantities of ACTH
• Eisoptrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of mirrors.
• Elective mutism: A rare psychiatric disorder where a child chooses not to speak in a social setting even though they are capable of speaking and often do so at home.
• Electrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of electricity or receiving an electric shock.
• Eleutherophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of freedom.
• Elurophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cats.
• Emetophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of vomiting.
• Emotional disorders: A disorder of emotions
• Enetophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of pins or needles.
• Entomophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of insects.
• Eosophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the dawn.
• Epoetin alfa -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Epoetin alfa (used to treat some forms of anemia) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Epogen -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Epogen (used to treat some forms of anemia) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Epstein Barr virus related fibromyalgia: Epstein Barr virus related fibromyalgia refers to fibromyalgia that is associated with infection with the Epstein Barr virus. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized mainly by pain mainly in the muscles which involves no associated damage to the tissues.
• Ereuthophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of blushing.
• Ergasiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of or aversion to work. The word is sometimes used to describe a surgeon's fear of operating.
• Ergophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of work.
• Erotophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sexual feelings. The condition is characterized by feelings of guilt and fear about sex. Sufferers dislkike talking about sex, are less likely to engage in sexual relations and have a very negative view of sexually explicit material. This term is used mostly in the field of psychology.
• Erythrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of blushing.
• Erythropoietin-induced hypertension: Erythropoietin-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by taking erythropoietin which is sometimes used to treat anemia in conditions such as chornic kidney failure. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking amphetamines and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of erythropoietin use.
• Euphophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of good news.
• Familial Forms of Alzheimer's Disease: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour. Familial forms of the disease tend to run in families and are linked to mutations on various genes. Chromosome 1, 14 19 and 21 are the main chromosomes where mutations resulting in Alzheimer's are located..
• Familial dysautonomia: An inherited biochemical disorder that primarily affects the autonomic and sensory nervous system.
• Febriphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of fever.
• Fibromyalgia: A difficult to diagnose condition affecting the muscles and/or joints
• Frigophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of cold.
• Galeophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sharks.
• Gametophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of marriage.
• Gamophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of marriage.
• General somatic pain: General somatic pain is a typical sensory experience that may be described as the unpleasant awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm.
• Generalized anxiety disorder: Excessive anxiety and worrying.
• Geniophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of chins.
• Genophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sex.
• Genuphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of knees.
• Gephyrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of crossing a bridge.
• Gerascophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of growing old.
• Geumophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of tastes or flavors.
• Glossophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of speaking in public or speech anxiety.
• Graphophobia: An exaggerated or irrational dislike of writing.
• Graves Disease: is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs) bind to and activate thyrotropin receptors, causing the thyroid gland to grow and the thyroid follicles to increase synthesis of thyroid hormone.
• Greenhead ant sting: The Greenhead ant is found in parts of Australia and can cause allergic reactions in susceptible people. Some people have a relatively minor allergic response whereas other develop anaphylaxis which is a life-threatening allergic response which requires urgent medical attention. The ants have a venom gland attached to a stinger located in their tail region. Ants can sting more than once.
• Gynephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or hatred of women.
• Gynophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or hatred of women.
• Hadeophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of hell.
• Hagiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of saints and holy things.
• Hamaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the sight of blood.
• Hamartophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of error or sin.
• Hamaxophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being in a vehicle or riding in one.
• Haphophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of touch.
• Haptophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of touch.
• Harpaxophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of robbers.
• Heart attack: Serious and often fatal acute heart condition
• Hedonophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of pleasure.
• Heliophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sunlight or increased sensitivity to sunlight.
• Helminthophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being infested with worms.
• Hematophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the sight of blood.
• Hepatic encephalopathy syndrome: A rare syndrome involving the association of advanced liver disease and neurological problems.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction -- Sassafras Oil: Sassafras Oil can be used as a herbal agent to treat skin irritation such as insect bites. The herbal agent contains a chemical called safrole which can cause harmful effects if ingested .
• Herbal Agent overdose -- Sabah vegetable: Sabah vegetable can be used as a herbal agent to treat obesity and prevent vision problems. The herbal agent contains a chemical (papvarine alkaloids) which can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Heroin dependence: The physical and psychological dependence to the recreational drug heroin
• Herpetophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of reptiles.
• Heterophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or aversion to heterosexuals.
• Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the number 666.
• Hierophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sacred objects or priests.
• High Blood Pressure/Hypertension:
• Hippophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of horses.
• Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of long words.
• Hodophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of travel.
• Homichlophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of fog.
• Homilophobia: An exaggerated or irrational hatred of sermons.
• Homophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of homosexuality which is affection between people of the same sex.
• Hydrophophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of rabies.
• Hygrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of liquids, particularly wine and water.
• Hylephobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of forests or wood.
• Hypengyophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of responsibility.
• Hyperaldosteronism-induced hypertension: Hyperaldosteronism -induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by excessive production of a hormone called aldosterone by the adrenal glands. The high blood pressure often responds poorly to the usual medications. Death can result in severe cases.
• Hyperhidrosis: The excessive perspiration from ones skin
• Hyperoxia: A high level of oxygen in body tissues. It can be caused by exposure to high atmospheric pressure or long term inhalation of high oxygen concentrations. The high levels of oxygen may affect the lungs, nervous system or the eyes and thus can result in varying symptoms.
• Hypersomnia: Hypersomnia is characterized by recurring episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or prolonged nighttime sleep.
• Hypertension: High blood pressure
• Hypertension due to bilateral renal artery stenosis: Hypertension due to bilateral renal artery stenosis is high blood pressure resulting from narrowing kidney blood vessels which prevents the blood from flowing through the kidneys properly.
• Hypertension, Essential: Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension that has no detectable cause. Patients have an increased blood pressure for no apparent reason. Most cases of hypertension are of this form.
• Hypertension, Essential, Susceptibility to: Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension that has no detectable cause. Patients have an increased blood pressure for no apparent reason. Most cases of hypertension are of this form. Researchers have identified a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility of developing hypertension.
• Hypertension, Essential, Susceptibility to, 1: Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension that has no detectable cause. Patients have an increased blood pressure for no apparent reason. Most cases of hypertension are of this form. Researchers have identified a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility of developing hypertension. Type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome 17q.
• Hypertension, Essential, Susceptibility to, 2: Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension that has no detectable cause. Patients have an increased blood pressure for no apparent reason. Most cases of hypertension are of this form. Researchers have identified a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility of developing hypertension. Type 2 is linked to a defect on chromosome 15q.
• Hypertension, Essential, Susceptibility to, 3: Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension that has no detectable cause. Patients have an increased blood pressure for no apparent reason. Most cases of hypertension are of this form. Researchers have identified a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility of developing hypertension. Type 3 is linked to a defect on chromosome 2p25-p24.
• Hypertension, Essential, Susceptibility to, 4: Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension that has no detectable cause. Patients have an increased blood pressure for no apparent reason. Most cases of hypertension are of this form. Researchers have identified a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility of developing hypertension. Type 4 is linked to a defect on chromosome 12p12.2-p12.1.
• Hypertension, Essential, Susceptibility to, 5: Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension that has no detectable cause. Patients have an increased blood pressure for no apparent reason. Most cases of hypertension are of this form. Researchers have identified a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility of developing hypertension. Type 5 is linked to a defect on chromosome 20q11-q13.
• Hypertension, Essential, Susceptibility to, 6: Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension that has no detectable cause. Patients have an increased blood pressure for no apparent reason. Most cases of hypertension are of this form. Researchers have identified a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility of developing hypertension. Type 6 is linked to a defect on chromosome 5p13-q12.
• Hypertension, Essential, Susceptibility to, 7: Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension that has no detectable cause. Patients have an increased blood pressure for no apparent reason. Most cases of hypertension are of this form. Researchers have identified a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility of developing hypertension. Type 7 is linked to a defect on chromosome 3p14.1-q12.3.
• Hypertension, Essential, Susceptibility to, 8: Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension that has no detectable cause. Patients have an increased blood pressure for no apparent reason. Most cases of hypertension are of this form. Researchers have identified a number of genes linked to an increased susceptibility of developing hypertension. Type 8 is linked to a defect on chromosome 18q21.2.
• Hyperthyroidism: Too much thyroid hormone production.
• Hypnophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sleep or being hypnotized.
• Hypoadrenalism: Reduced adrenal gland activity.
• Hypoadrenocorticism -- hypoparathyroidism -- moniliasis: An autoimmune disorder where hormone production by various glands is reduced. The main features of the disorder are Addison disease and/or hypoparathyroidism and/or chronic candidiasis.
• Hypoparathyroidism, autoimmune: A rare autoimmune condition characterized by the inflammation of the parathyroid glands and resulting in a deficiency of parathyroid hormones (parathormone). Parathormone helps controls calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. Symptoms become progressively worse as calcium and phosphorus levels become increasingly imbalanced.
• Iatrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of going to the doctor.
• Ichthyophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of fish.
• Ignophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of not knowing.
• Impotence: Inability to attain or sustain an erection.
• Inborn amino acid metabolism disorder: A group of inherited disorders where the body is not able to metabolize amino acids consumed in the diet. Amino acids are a part of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and are metabolized in order to provide energy or to make other needed compounds. There are many steps involved in metabolism and the severity can be greatly variable depending on the exact nature of the disorder.
• Inch ant sting: The Inch ant is found in parts of Australia and can cause allergic reactions in susceptible people. Some people have a relatively minor allergic response whereas other develop anaphylaxis which is a life-threatening allergic response which requires urgent medical attention. The ants have a venom gland attached to a stinger located in their tail region. Ants can sting more than once.
• Infectious CFS: Infectious chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic fatigue condition which may follow severe infections - viral or other. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition.
• Inheritable disorders of connective tissue: Disorders that affect the connective tissue of the body that are handed down from generation to generation
• Injury: Any damage inflicted in the body
• Insect allergy: An allergic response to a wasp sting.
• Insect bite allergy: An insect bite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a bite by an insect such as an ant. Multiple bites increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Insect sting allergy: An insect sting allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a sting by an insect such as an ant. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Insomnia: Insomnia is defined as repeated difficulty with the initiation, duration, maintenance, or quality of sleep that occurs despite adequate time and opportunity for sleep that results in some form of daytime impairment.
• Iophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of poisons.
• Isopterophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of termites.
• Jack jumper ant sting: The jack jumper ant is commonly found in many parts of Australia and can cause allergic reactions in susceptible people. Some people have a relatively minor allergic response whereas other develop anaphylaxis which is a life-threatening allergic response which requires urgent medical attention. Jack jumpers deliver their venom by grabbing skin in its jaws and then using a stinger located in their tail region to inject the venom.
• Judeophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of Jews.
• Kakorrhaphiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of failure or defeat.
• Katagelophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being ridiculed or disliked.
• Kenophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of open spaces or voids.
• Keraunophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of thunder and lightning.
• Kinetophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of movement or motion .
• Kleptophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of thieves or having things stolen by thieves.
• Klonopin -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Klonopin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Knoiophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of dust.
• Kopophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of fatigue or exhaustion.
• Kramer-Pollnow disease: A neurological condition where young children develop hyperactivity followed by mental retardation, reduced speech efficiency and anxiety.
• Kynophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of rabies.
• Lachanophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of vegetables.
• Laliophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of talking.
• Lamictal -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Lamictal during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Lamotrigine -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Lamotrigine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Late-onset Alzheimer's: Late-onset Alzheimer's is a form of Alzheimer's disease that doesn't appear to be linked to any genetic defects or familial pattern. It is by far the most common form of Alzheimer's - occurs in up to 90% of Alzheimer sufferers. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Lazarus complex: Various symptoms observed in people who have survived a heart attack.
• Lead poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to lead.
• Lepraphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of leprosy.
• Levophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of objects on the left side of the body.
• Licorice-induced hypertension: Licorice-induced hypertension is a relatively quick increase in blood pressure due to eating licorice (either in the form of candy or as a herb). Blood pressure usually resumes to normalisation quite rapidly. Patients with existing blood pressure problems should avoid consuming licorice as it can cause their blood pressure to rise to dangerously high levels.
• Limbic encephalitis: Inflammation of the limbic system which is the part of the brain responsible for basic autonomic functions.
• Limnophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of lakes.
• Linonophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of string.
• Logophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of words.
• Lorazepam -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Lorazepam during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Lunaphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the moon.
• Lupus: Autoimmune disease with numerous effects on various organs and linings.
• Lyssophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of becoming insane.
• Major depressive disorder: A condition which is characterized by the occurrence of a major episode of depression
• Major depressive disorder related fibromyalgia: Major depressive disorder related fibromyalgia refers to fibromyalgia that is associated with major depression. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized mainly by pain mainly in the muscles which involves no associated damage to the tissues.
• Malignant hypertension: Malignant hypertension is a condition characterized by very high blood pressure and swelling of the optic nerve. This type of hypertension is more common in people with kidney problems such as narrowed kidney blood vessels. The condition is a medical emergency which can cause organ damage if not treated promptly.
• Marijuana abuse: Illicit depressant/hallucinogenic drug
• Marijuana addiction: Marijuana addiction is the uncontrollable desire to use marijuana on a regular basis. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Marijuana withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when marijuana use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Mc Leod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by neuromuscular, blood and central nervous system symptoms. The disease is slowly progressive.
• Mechanophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of machinery.
• Menopause: The end of female menstruation and fertility.
• Mental health conditions: Medical conditions related to mental health, emotions, behavior, personality, psychology, psychiatry, and so on.
• Merinthophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being bound.
• Metallophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of metals.
• Meteorophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of meteors or meteorites.
• Methamphetamine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when methamphetamine use is discontinued or reduced. Methamphetamines are often called speed, meth, crystal or crank. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Metoprolol -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Metoprolol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Microphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of microorganisms.
• Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Mild brain injury caused by trauma, accident or injury
• Mild chronic pain: Mild chronic pain is defined as pain that persists longer than the temporal course of natural healing, associated with a particular type of injury or disease process.
• Misanthropy: An exaggerated or irrational hatred of mankind. Sufferers have a great distrust of human nature and tend to dislike or distrust other people.
• Misogynism: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of females.
• Misogyny: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of women.
• Misophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of dirt or being contaminated by dirt or germs.
• Misosophy: An exaggerated or irrational fear of wisdom.
• Mixed connective tissue disease: A rare disorder of the connective tissue which affects a range of body tissues and organs.
• Moccasin snake poisoning: The Moccasin snake is a poisonous snake found mainly in America and Asia. Moccasin snakes include the copperhead, cottonmouth and the Siberian, Central Asian and Malayan pit vipers. They are considered less venomous than rattlesnakes The snake venom contains toxins which affect the blood and tissues rather than the nervous system. Children tend to suffer more severe symptoms due to their smaller body size. Rapid swelling of the skin around the site of the bite is a sign of a more severe poisoning.
• Moderate chronic pain: Moderate chronic pain is defined as pain that persists longer than the temporal course of natural healing, associated with a particular type of injury or disease process and is moderate in intensity.
• Molysomophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of infection.
• Monopathophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of sickness.
• Monophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of being alone. Sufferers may also fear being away from a particular place or person who makes them feel safe. An underlying anxiety disorder is generally involved.
• Mood disorders: Disorders that affect a persons mood
• Morning Glory poisoning: The morning glory is a flowering vine with heart-shaped leaves that originates from tropical areas of America. The seeds contain chemicals (indole alkaloids, LSD) which can cause symptoms if eaten. The seeds are considered to have a low level of toxicity.
• Mountain sickness: Illness from poor adjustment to low oxygen at altitude.
• Musculoskeletal chronic fatigue syndrome: Musculoskeletal chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. Musculoskeletal chronic fatigue syndrome tends to be dominated by musculoskeletal symptoms.
• Musicophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of music.
• Musophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of mice and rats.
• Myofascial pain syndromes: Any pain associated with the myofascia of the muscle tissue
• Mythophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of making false or incorrect statements.
• Myxophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of slime.
• Narcotic addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use narcotics on a regular basis. The drug may be used as a therapeutic medication for various conditions but it's use is also frequently abused. Examples of narcotic drugs include heroin, morphine, Demerol and codeine. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Nasal decongestant-induced hypertension: Nasal decongestant-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by taking nasal decongestants. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking nasal decongestants and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of nasal decongestant use.
• Nausea: The queasy feeling of nausea and often also vomiting.
• Necrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of death or corpses.
• Negrophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of African Americans.
• Neophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of new things.
• Nephophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of clouds.
• Neurosis: Variety of mental disorders with self-awareness
• Neurotoxicity syndromes: Altered nervous system functioning caused by exposure to certain chemicals (manmade or natural) that affect the nervous system - essentially it is the poisoning of the nervous system. Examples of toxic compounds that may cause neurotoxicity include lead, certain solvents and pesticides. Symptoms may occur immediately or gradually over a period of time.
• Noctiphobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of the night.
• Non Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A late onset form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia where insufficient adrenal corticosteroids are produced by the body due to the deficiency of a particular chemical. The severity of symptoms varies from person to person and onset may occur as early as childhood.
• Non-Food Allergy -- Africanized honeybee: An Africanized honeybee allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to an Africanized honeybee sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy -- Ant: An ant bite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to an ant bite. Multiple bites increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. Certain ants pose more of an allergy risk than others e.g. red fire ant. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy -- Black fire ant: A black fire ant bite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a black fire ant bite. Multiple bites increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy -- Bumblebee: A Bumblebee allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a Bumblebee sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy -- Hornet: A hornet allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a hornet sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy -- Red fire ant: A red fire ant bite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a red fire ant bite. Multiple bites increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy -- Tropical fire ant: A tropical fire ant bite allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a tropical fire ant bite. Multiple bites increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy -- Yellow jacket Wasp: A yellow jacket allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a yellow jacket wasp sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy -- honey bee: A honey bee allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a honey bee sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy -- scorpion: A scorpion allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a scorpion sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Non-Food Allergy -- wasp: A wasp allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a wasp sting. Multiple stings increase the risk of a severe reaction or death. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients.
• Nonaffective Psychosis: Any mental disorder that is characterised by a significant derangement of ones personality and a loss of ones touch with reality
• Nosophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of contracting a disease.
• Nudophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of nudity.
• Nychtophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of darkness or the night.
• Nymphomania: uncontrollable urge to engage in sexual behaviour in a female.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder -- Checkers: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a behavioural disorder involving obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts. Checkers represent one form of manifestation of OCD and involves obsessively checking things such as switches and locks. The behavior can occur in the home or work environment. Patients are fearful that the have left something on or unlocked which could lead to some sort of harm to themselves or others. The may set up extravagant rituals to ensure they haven't missed checking any locks or switches.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder -- Cleaners: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a behavioural disorder involving obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts. Cleaners represent one form of manifestation of OCD and involves obsessive thoughts and compulsions about contamination of any form - germs, bacteria, viruses, dirt etc. Sufferers feel compelled to safeguard themselves and their surroundings from contamination but repeatedly cleaning surfaces, their clothes and other objects in their environment.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder -- Habits: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a behavioural disorder involving obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts. Habits represent one form of manifestation of OCD and involves the compulsion to repeat certain behaviors an excessive amount of times. For example, a person may feel the need to count the money many times before they hand it over in payment for an item or they may feel compelled to repeat a question a number of times.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder -- Hoarders: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a behavioural disorder involving obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts. Hoarders represent one form of manifestation of OCD and involves obsessively collecting and hoarding items. These items are often considered useless or junk by the average person but hoarders may also collect relatively useful items such as matchbooks but the quantities hoarded exceed the useful quanitity. Hoaders tend to live in cluttered chaotic homes due to their obsession.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder -- Obsessers: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a behavioural disorder involving obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts. Obsessers represent one form of manifestation of OCD and sufferers having thoughts and visions of them causing some sort of harm to others e.g. raping someone. To counteract these intrusive, involuntary thoughts and images, they will obsessively say certain words, recite prayers or count numbers to distract themselves. They tend to have no visible manifestations of their conditions as they carry their rituals mentally rather than verbally.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder -- Orderers: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a behavioural disorder involving obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts. Orderers represent one form of manifestation of OCD and involves the compulsion to make sure that certain things are ordered or placed in a particular way which they feel is the correct way. Sufferers feel very distressed if another person disrupts the things they have ordered.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder -- Washers: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a behavioural disorder involving obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts. Washers represent one form of manifestation of OCD and involves obsessive thoughts and compulsions about contamination of any form ( germs, bacteria, viruses, dirt etc.) which compels them to repeatedly wash their hands or shower.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder -- Washers and Cleaners: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a behavioural disorder involving obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts. Washers and cleaners represent one form of manifestation of OCD and involves obsessive thoughts and compulsions about contamination of any form - germs, bacteria, viruses, dirt etc. Sufferers feel compelled to safeguard themselves and their surroundings from contamination but repeatedly washing their hands and cleaning surfaces, their clothes and other objects in their environment.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Behavioral disorder with obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts.
• Obstructive sleep apnea: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is characterized by episodic upper airway obstruction that occurs during sleep.
• Ochlophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of crowds.
• Ochophophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of vehicles.
• Odontophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of teeth. The fear is usually associated with animal's teeth.
• Odynophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear of pain.
• Oecophobia: An exaggerated or irrational fear or dislike of home surroundings.
• Oenophobia: An exaggerated or irrational dislike or hatred of wine.
• Oikophobia: An exaggerated or irrational dislike or fear of home surroundings.
• Oinophobia: An exaggerated or irrational dislike or hatred of wine.

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