Glossary for Hammer toe

• Achard syndrome: An inherited connective tissue disorder characterized primarily by a short head, long, slender bones, recessed lower jaw and loose hand and foot joints.
• Arthrogryposis, distal, with hypopituitarism, mental retardation, and facial anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, permanent flexion of fingers, low pituitary hormone level and facial anomalies.
• Camptodactyly -- fibrous tissue hyperplasia -- skeletal dysplasia: A rare syndrome characterized by a hand deformity and skeletal abnormalities.
• Camptodactyly, fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and skeletal dysplasia: A rare syndrome characterized by a hand deformity and skeletal abnormalities.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disorder: Degeneration of limb muscles.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease -- deafness: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and deafness involves the usual CMT symptoms as well as deafness.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with pyramidal features, autosomal dominant: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 5 has an autosomal dominant inheritance, progresses slowly and involves movement disorders.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 1A: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 1A is inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern and involves the duplication of the PMP22 gene on chromosome 17.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 1B: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 1B is inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern and involves a defect in the MPZ gene on chromosome 1. The severity of the condition is variable depending on the age of onset with severe infantile cases resulting in the inability to walk at an early age.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 1C: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 1C is inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern and involves a defect in the LITAF/SIMPLE gene on chromosome 16.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 1D: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 1D is caused by a defect of the ERG2 gene on chromosome 10 and usually results in a severe form of the disease.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 1E: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 1E involves the usual CMT symptoms as well as deafness.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 1F: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 1F is caused by a defect of a gene in chromosome 8 and involves the neurofilament light chain protein.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 2A: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 2AI: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 2A1 has an autosomal dominant inheritance and involves a defect in the KIF1B gene on chromosome 1p36.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 2AII: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 2A2 has an autosomal dominant inheritance and involves a defect in the MFN2 gene on chromosome 1p36.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 2C: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 2C has an autosomal dominant inheritance and involves a defect in chromosome 12 and involves diaphragm and vocal cord weakness as well as hand and foot problems.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 2D: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 2D has an autosomal dominant inheritance and involves a defect in the glycyl RNA synthetase gene on chromosome 7p15. The hands tend to be more severely affected than the feet.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 2E: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 2C has an autosomal dominant inheritance and involves a defect in the neurofilament light gene on chromosome 8p21.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 4A: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 4A has an autosomal recessive inheritance and involves a defect in the GDAP 1 protein gene on chromosome 8. The recessive forms of CMT tend to be more severe than the dominant form and often involve hand and foot problems as well as additional systemic symptoms.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 4B1: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 4B1 has an autosomal recessive inheritance and involves a defect in MTMR2 gene on chromosome 11.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 4B2: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 4B2 has an autosomal recessive inheritance and involves a defect in the CMT4B2 gene on chromosome 11.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 4B2, with early-onset glaucoma: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. This type is characterized by the involvement of glaucoma which starts during childhood.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 4C: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 4B2 has an autosomal recessive inheritance and involves a defect in the KIAA1985 gene on chromosome 5. It involves motor and sensory problems as well as scoliosis.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 4E: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 4B2 has an autosomal recessive inheritance and involves a defect in the EGR2 gene on chromosome 10.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 4F: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 4F has an autosomal recessive form of inheritance and is a severe form of the disease. It involves a defect in the PRX gene on Chromosome 19q13.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 4G: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 4G has an autosomal recessive form of inheritance and is a severe form of the disease. It involves a defect on Chromosome 10.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 4H: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 4H has an autosomal recessive form of inheritance and involves a defect on Chromosome 11.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type X2 is an inherited defect of the X chromosome and affects males to a greater degree than females.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked recessive, 4: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 4X is an inherited defect of the X chromosome and affects males to a greater degree than females and also involves mental retardation and deafness.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked, 1: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type X1 is an inherited defect of the X chromosome (defect in GJB1 gene) and affects males to a greater degree than females. Transient central nervous system symptoms are also sometimes involved.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4: A rare group of demyelinating motor and sensory neuropathies consisting of a number of subtypes. The various subtypes are caused by different genetic defects.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth, demyelinating, autosomal recessive: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 4 has an autosomal recessive form of inheritance and is a severe form of the disease.
• Chromosome 11, Partial Monosomy 11q: A very rare chromosomal disorder involving the absence of a portion of chromosome 11q. The range and severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the portion that is deleted.
• Chromosome 12, trisomy 12q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 12q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy.
• Chromosome 17p, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Combarros Calleja Leno syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the association of glaucoma at birth with a form of ataxia.
• Diaphanospondylodysostosis: A rare disorder characterized by bone formation anomalies including a lack of bone formation in the spine during the fetal stage as well as kidney problems.
• Duplication 12q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Foot conditions: Any condition that may affect the foot
• Foot deformity: A alteration of the foot structurally that it doesn't appear as normal
• Friedreich ataxia: A progressive inherited neuromuscular disorder involving slow degeneration of the spinal cord and brain.
• Friedreich's ataxia: Progressive muscle weakness from nerve damage.
• Jacobsen syndrome: A very rare chromosomal disorder involving the absence of a portion of chromosome 11q. The range and severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the portion that is deleted.
• Lamotrigine -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Lamotrigine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Ledderhose disease: A rare disorder where numerous fibrous nodules develop in the bottom of the foot and eventually affect the tendons in the foot which can cause foot problems.
• Limb conditions: Medical conditions affecting the upper or lower limbs.
• Lower leg conditions: Conditions affecting the lower leg, such as the feet, shins, calf, etc.
• Lower limb conditions: Any medical condition affecting the lower limbs, i.e. the legs, knees, feet, etc..
• Musculoskeletal conditions: Medical conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system of bones, muscles and related structures.
• Toe symptoms: Symptoms affecting the toes
• Valproic Acid -- Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Valproic Acid during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.

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