Glossary for Nail conditions

• ADULT syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by nail abnormalities, abnormal teeth development, tear duct obstruction, pigmentation anomalies and hand and foot abnormalities.
• AREDYLD: A rare condition characterized by abnormalities of the extremities, teeth, hair, nail and kidney as well as lipoatrophic diabetes.
• Acanthokeratodermia: An uncommon skin condition involving excessive growth of the horny part of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Patients also suffer thickening of the nails.
• Acrofacial dysostosis, Weyers type: A rare disorder characterized by facial abnormalities and extra digits, nail abnormalities and short limbs.
• Adactylia unilateral: A rare hand malformation where the ends of the 2nd and 5th digits is missing. The nails on the affected fingers are tiny remnants.
• Al Gazali Hirschsprung syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by Hirschsprung disease (an intestinal disorder), nail abnormalities and facial anomalies.
• Alopecia universalis -- onychodystrophy -- vitiligo: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of total hair loss, vitiligo and abnormal nails.
• Amelo-onycho-hypohidrotic syndrome: A rare disorder characterized primarily by tooth and nail abnormalities and reduced sweating ability.
• Anonychia: An inherited condition where an infant is born without fingernails and toe nails. The finger bones were normal.
• Anonychia -- ectrodactyly: A very rare syndrome characterized by the absence of nails and the absence of all or part of one or more fingers or toes (ectrodactyly).
• Anonychia -- microcephaly: A very rare syndrome characterized by the absence of nails and a small head.
• Anonychia -- onychodystrophy: A rare birth malformation characterized by absent nails and dystrophic nails.
• Anonychia onychodystrophy brachydactyly type b: A rare, dominantly inherited disorder characterized abnormal or absent nails, permanently flexed fingers and a broad, finger-like thumb.
• Anonychia with flexural pigmentation: A rare disorder characterized by missing nails and areas of increased and decreased pigmentation in the groin and armpits.
• Anonychia-onychodystrophy with brachydactyly type B and ectrodactyly: A rare, dominantly inherited disorder characterized abnormal or absent nails, missing fingers, permanently flexed fingers and a broad, finger-like thumb.
• Aplasia/hypoplasia of pelvis, femur, fibula, and ulna with abnormal digits and nails: A rare syndrome characterized by the underdevelopment or absence of the pelvis, thigh bone, shin bone and ulna (forearm bone) as well as digital and nail abnormalities.
• BOD syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by small nails, digital abnormalities (mainly of the fifth finger and toe) and various facial anomalies.
• Basan syndrome: A rare condition characterized by skin, hair and nail abnormalities.
• Basaran-Yilmaz syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by reduced body hair, thickened skin on various parts of the body and the presence of white nails at birth.
• Baughman syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by fused eyelids, curly hair and abnormal nails.
• Brachydactyly -- anonychia: A rare syndrome characterized by short toes and nail abnormalities.
• Brachydactyly type B: A form of finger deformity characterized by absent or underdeveloped end and middle bones of fingers and toes as well as absent or underdeveloped nails.
• Brachydactyly types B and E combined: A rare hand anomaly characterized by shortening of one or more metacarpals (hand bones) as well as an underdeveloped end bone in the little finger
• Brachydactyly, type A5, nail dysplasia: A rare digital anomaly where the middle bones of the second to fifth fingers are missing and the nails are abnormal.
• Brittle nails: thinning of the nail plate
• Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects skin anomalies and frontal bossing.
• Cartwright-Nelson-Fryns syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by mental and physical retardation as well as nail and digital abnormalities.
• Chondroectodermal dysplasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by dwarfism, extra fingers and/or toes and nail and hair abnormalities.
• Christianson Fourie syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by hair and nail abnormalities.
• Clouston syndrome: A rare genetic ectodermal disorder characterized by skin, hair, nail and eye abnormalities.
• Coffin-Siris Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by underdeveloped or absent fifth finger and toenails and coarse facial features.
• Conditions associated with nail abnormalities: Nail abnormalities are problems with the color, shape, texture, or thickness of the fingernails or toenails.
• Cortes-Lacassie syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by nail, hair and teeth abnormalities, malformed hands and feet and seizures. The disorder has only been reported in one cause which resulted in death at 31 months
• Cote-Katsantoni syndrome: A rare condition characterized by osteosclerosis, atrial septal defect, malabsorption, neutropenia, ectodermal dysplasia, growth retardation and mental retardation.
• Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome: A familial polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract associated with ectodermal defects such as alopecia and onychodystrophy
• Cronkhite-Canada disease: A rare condition characterized primarily by polyps in the digestive tract, hair loss and nail problems.
• Cryptomicrotia -- brachydactyly syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by ear malformations and short fingers and toes.
• Darier Disease: A slowly progressing inherited skin disorder characterized by small brownish warty bumps and nail abnormalities. The skin disorder because the skin cells are not held together properly.
• Deafness -- enamel hypoplasia -- nail defects: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, tooth enamel abnormalities and nail defects.
• Deafness -- onychodystrophy -- osteodystrophy -- mental retardation: A very rare inherited disorder involving deafness (D), onychodystrophy (O - nail malformation), osteodystrophy (O - bone malformation) and mental retardation (R).
• Deafness onychodystrophy dominant form: A rare dominantly inherited disorder characterized by deafness from birth, deformed nails and
• Deafness, congenital onychodystrophy, recessive form: A very rare inherited disorder involving deafness (D), onychodystrophy (O - nail malformation), osteodystrophy (O - bone malformation) and mental retardation (R).
• Dermatoosteolysis, Kirghizian type: A rare condition characterized by a variety of abnormalities including missing teeth, recurring skin ulceration, eye problems and nail symptoms.
• Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by increased skin pigmentation, thickened skin on palms and soles and reduced sweating.
• Dermo-odontodysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by tooth, skin, hair and nail abnormalities.
• Digitorenocerebral syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by numerous abnormalities involving the brain, kidneys, fingers, toes, nails and face as well as mental retardation and vision impairment.
• Distal lateral subungual onychomycosis: A fungal infection of the nail which tends to involve start under the nail where it separates from the nail bed. This is the most common form of onychomycosis and the toenails tend to be affected more than the fingernails.
• Double fingernail of fifth finger: A very rare abnormality where an infant is born with two fingernails on the fifth finger. One fingernail is usually normal with the other one being smaller and located near the first fingernail or even on the palm side of the finger.
• Double nails on the fifth toe: A very rare abnormality where an infant is born with two toenails on the fifth toe. One toenail is usually normal with the other one being smaller and located near the first toenail or even underneath the toe.
• Dupuytren subungual exostosis: A benign form of slow-growing tumor that develops on the surface of the bones under the nails. The cause of the condition is unknown and it tends to occur in children and young adults. The big toe is the most common digit affected.
• Dyschromatosis Universalis Hereditaria 1: Dyschromatosis universalis is an inherited skin condition characterized by the progressive development of mottled skin made up of small areas of increased and decreased skin pigmentation. The trunk is the main area of skin affected but the limbs and sometimes the face may also be involved. Subtype 1 is the result of a defect on chromosome 6q24.2-q25.2.
• Dyschromatosis Universalis Hereditaria 2: Dyschromatosis universalis is a skin condition characterized by the progressive development of mottled skin made up of small areas of increased and decreased skin pigmentation. The trunk is the main area of skin affected but the limbs and sometimes the face may also be involved. Subtype 2 is the result of a defect on chromosome 12q21-q23.
• Dyskeratosis Congenita: A rare genetic disorder characterized by sking pigmentation abnormalities, nail dystrophy and mucous membrane changes.
• Dyskeratosis congenita of Zinsser-Cole-Engman: An inherited condition characterized by recurring painful mouth ulcers, skin pigmentation and nail abnormalities.
• EEC syndrome without cleft lip/palate: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by hand, foot deformities as well as hair, skin, nail and tooth abnormalities (ectodermal dysplasia).
• Ectodermal dysplasia: A group of rare inherited conditions which affect the ectodermal skin layer which includes the skin, hair, teeth and nails.
• Ectodermal dysplasia -- absent dermatoglyphs: A rare condition characterized by skin, hair and nail abnormalities.
• Ectodermal dysplasia -- arthrogryposis -- diabetes mellitus: A rare syndrome characterized by diabetes, short stature and tooth, hair and nail abnormalities.
• Ectodermal dysplasia -- ectrodactyly -- macular dystrophy: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by skin, hair, nail and eye abnormalities as well as missing fingers.
• Ectodermal dysplasia -- hypohidrotic -- hypothyroidism -- ciliary dyskinesia: A rare syndrome characterized by alopecia (A), nail problems (N), eye problems (O - ophthalmic), thyroid dysfunction (T), reduced sweating (H - hypohidrosis), freckles (E-ephelides), intestinal disease (E - enteropathy) and respiratory tract infections (R).
• Ectodermal dysplasia -- mental retardation -- CNS malformation: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, central nervous system disorders and skin, hair and nail abnormalities.
• Ectodermal dysplasia -- mental retardation -- central nervous system malformation: A rare syndrome characterized by severe mental retardation, hypothyroidism, abnormal brain development and hair, teeth and nail abnormalities.
• Ectodermal dysplasia anhidrotic: A rare inherited condition involving skin, hair, teeth and nail abnormalities. The condition is characterized by the absence of sweat and sebaceous glands, underdeveloped hair and teeth, characteristic face and other physical deformities.
• Ectodermal dysplasia mental retardation syndactyly: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, webbed fingers and hair, nail and teeth abnormalities.
• Ectodermal dysplasia trichoodontoonychial type: A rare syndrome characterized by nail, tooth and hair abnormalities.
• Ectodermal dysplasia, 'pure' hair-nail type: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by greatly reduced hair on the scalp, eyelashes and eyebrows as well as abnormal nails.
• Ectodermal dysplasia, hypohidrotic, autosomal dominant: A very rare inherited disorder that affects the development of skin, hair, nails, teeth and sweat glands during the fetal stage.
• Ectodermal dysplasia/ skin fragility syndrome: An extremely rare syndrome characterized by fragile skin which blisters and peels, abnormal nails and thickened skin on palms and soles. Skin blistering and peeling starts at birth.
• Ectrodactyly ectrodermal dysplasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by missing digits and hair, teeth and nail abnormalities. The severity of the hand and foot malformations is variable.
• Ellis-van Creveld syndrome:
• Endonyx onychomycosis: A fungal infection of the nail that tends to predominantly cause a white discoloration of the nail. There tends to be no damage to the nail apart from the discoloration and there is no damage to the nail bed.
• Epidermolysis bullosa, late-onset, localized junctional, with mental retardation: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, hair and nail disorders, absence of teeth and areas fragile skin that blisters easily.
• Erythropoietic Protoporphyria: A condition where there is excessive formation of porphyrin or its precursor
• Focal dermal hypoplasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by bone, skin, teeth and pigmentation abnormalities as well as asymmetry of the face, trunk and extremities.
• Focal ectodermal dysplasia:
• Foot conditions: Any condition that may affect the foot
• Freire-Maia odontotrichomelic syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by tooth, hair and limb abnormalities.
• Freire-Maia syndrome: An extremely rare syndrome characterized by tooth, hair and limb abnormalities. The abnormalities can be quite severe in some cases. The parents may have been related in the reported cases.
• Friedel Heid Grosshans syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney stones, completely white nails and cysts that form in oil producing areas of skin.
• Fukuda-Miyanomae-Nakata syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly tooth, bone and nail abnormalities as well as anal and urethral anomalies.
• Fungal nail infections: Fungal conditions of the toenail or fingernail
• Gamborg nielsen syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by hair, tooth and nail disorders.
• Gorlin-Bushkell-Jensen syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the development of numerous sebaceous cysts (mainly on the back, chest, arms, thighs and scrotum) as well as kidney stones and white nails.
• Green nail syndrome: A nail infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and sometimes Aspergillus. The infection tends to occur in women who spend a lot of time with their hands in soapy water or detergents. The nails develop varying patterns of greenish discoloration.
• Haim-Munk syndrome: A rare inherited disorder involving red, thickened patches of skin on the palms and soles, skin infections and nail and teeth abnormalities.
• Halal Setton Wang syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, teeth, nail and skin abnormalities.
• Hand conditions: Any condition that affects the hand
• Hay-Wells Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by ankyloblepharon, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip and/or cleft palate.
• Hay-Wells syndrome, recessive type: A rare recessively inherited genetic disorder characterized by ankyloblepharon, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip and/or cleft palate. The recessive form of this condition is distinguished by the presence at birth of adhesions between the upper and lower jaws.
• Hereditary koilonychia: An inherited anomaly where the nails are flattened or concave-shaped rather than the normal curved shape.
• Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, type Christianson-Fourie: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by hair and nail abnormalities.
• Hyperpigmentation of nails: Increased pigmentation of the nail.
• Hypodontia -- nail dysgenesis: A syndrome that is characterized by the occurrence of nail dysplasia and tooth abnormalities. Primary teeth are usually normal but some secondary teeth may be missing. The toenails tend to be more affected than the fingernails.
• Hypodontia dysplasia of nails: A syndrome that is characterised by the occurrence of nail dysplasia and tooth abnormalities. Primary teeth are usually normal but some secondary teeth may be missing. The toenails tend to be more affected than the fingernails.
• Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: An inherited disorder involving the developmental abnormalities during the fetal stage that can affect the skin, hair, nails, teeth and sweat glands. This form of ectodermal dysplasia is characterized by a reduced ability to sweat due to a lack of sweat glands or dysfunction of present sweat glands.
• Incontinentia Pigmenti: A rare genetic skin pigmentation disorder characterized by eye, teeth, bone, nail and hair malformations as well as central nervous abnormalities and mental deficiency.
• Ingrown nails: Inward growth of finger-nails or toe-nails.
• Ingrown toenail: A condition which is characterized by an aberrant growth of the toenail
• Iron deficiency anemia: Iron-deficiency anemia is a blood condition characterized by low levels of iron in the body which leads to a reduction in the number of red blood cells.
• Iso-Kikuchi syndrome: A rare hand abnormality where the nail on the index finger is absent, small or duplicated.
• Jadassohn-Lewandowsky syndrome: A rare, inherited disorder characterized by thickening of nails, white patches on mouth and anus(leukoplakia) and thickened hard skin on soles and palms.
• Jorgenson syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by hair, teeth and skin abnormalities. The hair may be normal at birth but becomes sparse by the second decade.
• Judge-Misch-Wright syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by thickened skin on palms and soles as well as around the mouth.
• Jugular lymphatic obstruction sequence: A rare disorder caused by obstruction of the jugular lymphatic system due to problems during the fetal stage of development.
• Keratosis palmoplantaris -- periodontopathia -- onychogryposis: A rare syndrome characterized by gum disease, nail and skin problems and various other anomalies.
• Knuckle pads, leukonychia and sensorineural deafness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, knuckle pads and white nails.
• Kumar levick syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by missing or abnormal nails, missing fingers, permanently bent fingers and a finger-like thumb.
• Laband Syndrome:
• Laugier-Hunziker syndrome: A rare skin abnormality involving flat pigmentated patches of skin on the lips and inside mouth as well as black streaky lines on the nails.
• Leukonychia totalis: A rare nail disorder where the whole of the nail is completely white at birth.
• Leukonychia totalis -- trichilemmal cysts -- cilliary dystrophy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney stones, completely white nails and cysts that form in oil producing areas of skin.
• Limb conditions: Medical conditions affecting the upper or lower limbs.
• Logic syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by chronic skin ulceration, nail destruction, eye problems and mucosal nodules that can affect the voice and even impair breathing in severe cases.
• Lower limb conditions: Any medical condition affecting the lower limbs, i.e. the legs, knees, feet, etc..
• Marinesco-Sjogren I: A rare condition characterized by cerebellar ataxia, speaking difficulty, mental retardation, short stature and tooth, hair and nail abnormalities.
• McGrath Syndrome:
• Mental retardation -- nasal hypoplasia -- obesity -- genital hypoplasia: A rare disorder characterized mainly by the association of mental retardation with obesity and underdeveloped genitals and nose.
• Nail abnormality: An abnormality of the finger and/or toe nails.
• Nail avulsion: The separation of the nail from the nail bed
• Nail dysplasia: Nail dystrophy that usually starts in early childhood and involves nail striations and loss of nail luster. The condition affects all of the nails.
• Nail dysplasia, isolated congenital: A rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal nail development which is usually evident at birth or soon after.
• Nail infection: Infection of the nails of the fingers or toes.
• Nail inflammation: Inflammation of the nails of the fingers or toes.
• Nail psoriasis: Persons with active psoriasis have psoriatic changes in fingernails and/or toenails. In some instances psoriasis may occur only in the nails and nowhere else on the body. Psoriatic changes in nails range from mild to severe, generally reflecting the extent of psoriatic involvement of the nail plate, nail matrix (tissue from which the nail grows), nail bed (tissue under the nail), and skin at the base of the nail. Damage to the nail bed by the pustular psoriasis can result in loss of the nail.
• Nail symptoms: Symptoms affecting the fingernails or toenails
• Nail-Patella Syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by small or absent kneecap and ridged and/or absent nails as well as other abnormalities
• OLEDAID: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a weak immuned system, bone problems, lymphoedema and hair, teeth and nail abnormalities. Death usually occurs during the first few years of life due to overwhelming infections.
• Odonto onycho dysplasia with alopecia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by tooth, nail and hair abnormalities.
• Odontomicronychial dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by tooth and nail abnormalities.
• Odontoonychodermal dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by tooth, nail and skin abnormalities.
• Olmsted syndrome: A rare congenital condition characterized by progressive thickening and hardening of skin on palms and soles, alopecia and nail abnormalities.
• Onchyomycosis: A fungal infection of the nail. The toenails tend to be affected more than the fingernails.
• Onycho-tricho-dysplasia -- neutropenia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by hair and nail abnormalities, neutropenia and psychomotor retardation.
• Onychodystrophy -- deafness: A very rare inherited disorder involving deafness (D), onychodystrophy (O - nail malformation), osteodystrophy (O - bone malformation) and mental retardation (R).
• Onychodystrophy and anonychia with type B brachydactyly and ectrodactyly: A rare, dominantly inherited disorder characterized abnormal or absent nails, missing fingers, permanently flexed fingers and a broad, finger-like thumb.
• Onychogryphosis: A disorder that is characterised by the hypertrophy and excessive curving of the nails
• Onychonychia -- hypoplastic distal phalanges: A rare disorder characterized by underdeveloped or missing end bones in fingers and toes as well as nail abnormalities ranging from underdeveloped to completely absent.
• Onychophagia: A form of obsessive compulsive disorder where a person compulsively bites their nails. Sufferers can feel the pain they inflict on themselves but the feelings of gratification and stress relief prevent them from stopping. The severity and extent of damage to the skin is variable. Stress and anxiety can trigger the nail biting. The condition is most common in children with nearly half of teenagers biting their nails.
• Onychotrichodysplasia and neutropenia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by nail, hair and blood abnormalities.
• Onychotrichodysplasia, chronic neutropenia and mental retardation syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by hair and nail abnormalities, neutropenia and mental retardation.
• Oro acral syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mouth and limb abnormalities.
• Otoonychoperoneal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by underdeveloped ears and nails, shoulder anomalies and straight collarbones.
• Pachyonychia congenita recessive: A rare, recessively inherited disorder where the nails is white and the skin is blistered.
• Pachyonychia congenital syndrome: A rare genetic ectodermal disorder characterized by thick nails, thick skin on palms and soles and white patches on tongue and inside of cheek.
• Pachyonychia congenital syndrome type I: A rare genetic ectodermal disorder characterized by thick nails, thick skin on palms and soles and white patches on tongue and inside of cheek.
• Pachyonychia congenital syndrome type II: A rare genetic ectodermal disorder characterized by thick nails.
• Pain: A feeling of suffering, agony, distress caused by the stimulation of pain fibres in the nervous system
• Pallister-Hall Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by hypothalamic hamartoblastoma, hypopituitarism, imperforate anus and polydactyly.
• Palmoplantar keratoderma punctate, hereditary: An inherited disorder characterized by numerous tiny bumps of thickened skin on the palms and soles. The skin develops numerous hyperkeratototic papules which are usually 1-2 mm in size.
• Paronychia: Skin infection of a nail
• Patel-Bixler syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the association of abnormal thickening of skin on palms and soles, nail abnormalities and alopecia.
• Pectus excavatum macrocephaly dysplastic nails: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a sunken chest, large head and abnormal nails.
• Petty-Laxova-Wiedemann syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by premature aging involving the face, skin and hair as well as other anomalies.
• Pili torti -- onychodysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal nails and fragile twisted hair shafts. The condition has been reported in only one family.
• Pilo dento ungular dysplasia -- microcephaly: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by hair, tooth and nail abnormalities as well as a small head.
• Plummer-Vinson syndrome: A rare condition characterized by iron-deficiency anemia, nail abnormalities and dysphagia.
• Popliteal pterygium syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by cleft palate, pits in lower lip and popliteal webs.
• Proximal subungual onychomycosis: A fungal infection of the nail which tends to start at the nail fold and affects new nail growth. The infection starts on the top of the nail and then spreads deeper into the nail. This form of onychomycosis tends to occur primarily in AIDS patients.
• Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome: A rare genetic multi-system disorder characterized by skin, teeth, hair and/or nail abnormalities, reduced ability to sweat and oral clefts.
• Robinson-Miller-Bensimon syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by deafness, malformed nails and other abnormalities.
• Rudiger syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by various abnormalities of the feet, hands, face and urogenital system as well as severely retarded growth. Death occurred during early infancy in the recorded cases.
• Sabinas brittle hair syndrome: A rare inherited disease characterized by brittle hair, mental retardation and fragile nails.
• Schafer syndrome: A disorder characterized mainly by thickened skin on the palms and soles, white patches in mouth, mental and growth retardation and hair, nail and eye abnormalities.
• Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by thickened skin on palms and soles, missing teeth, sparse hair and eyelid cysts.
• Sclerotylosis: A rare inherited disorder characterized by a skin disorder (atrophic skin fibrosis and keratoderma of the palms and soles), underdeveloped nails and bowel cancer.
• Sequeiros-Sack syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by nail abnormality, thin skin and sparse scalp hair.
• Severe mental retardation and absent nails of hallux and pollex: A very rare syndrome characterized by the association of severe mental retardation and missing nails on the thumbs and big toes.
• Shell nail syndrome: A syndrome characterized by deterioration of the nail beds, clubbed fingers, inflammation around the bone and bronchiectasis.
• T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia and nail dystrophy: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by alopecia, abnormal nails and immunodeficiency (T-cell).
• Teebi-Kaurah syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head and absent nails.
• Tinea unguium: A condition which is characterized by tinea of the nails
• Tooth and Nail syndrome: A syndrome that is characterized by the occurrence of nail dysplasia and tooth abnormalities. Primary teeth are usually normal but some secondary teeth may be missing. The toenails tend to be more affected than the fingernails.
• Tricho odonto onycho dermal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by hair, tooth, nail and skin abnormalities.
• Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome II:
• Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome type I: A rare genetic ectodermal disorder characterized by kinky hair, tooth enamel and bone abnormalities.
• Tricho-odonto-onychial dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized by abnormal skull calcification, reduced scalp hair and nail and tooth enamel abnormalities.
• Tricho-onychic dysplasia: A rare genetic syndrome characterized by hair and nail abnormalities.
• Trigonocephaly -- broad thumbs: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by broad thumbs and a prominent triangular shaped forehead.
• Trueb-Burg-Bottani syndrome: A very rare genetic syndrome characterized by hair, teeth and nail abnormalities as well as webbed fingers.
• Tuffli-Laxova syndrome: A rare disorder characterized tooth, nail and skin abnormalities as well as an adrenal cyst.
• Unusual facies and autosomal dominant hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by an unusual facial appearance and hair, nail, teeth and sweating abnormalities.
• Upper limb conditions: Any medical condition affecting the upper limbs, i.e. the arms, elbows, hands, etc.
• Vasculitis: Inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel
• White superficial Onychomycosis: A fungal infection of the nail which starts on the surface of the nail and then spreads through the nail.
• Witkop syndrome: A syndrome that is characterised by the occurrence of nail dysplasia and tooth abnormalities due to a mutation in the MSX1 gene
• Yellow nail syndrome: A rare nail condition characterized by thickened yellow nails as well as swelling of parts of the body due to lymphatic drainage problems resulting from blocked or damaged lymphatic system.
• Zanier-Roubicek syndrome: An inherited syndrome characterized by reduced sweating, hyperthermia, sparse hair, missing teeth and brittle nails.
• Zimmerman-Laband syndrome: A rare inherited condition characterized by fibrosis of the gums and ear, nose, nail and finger abnormalities.
• Zinc deficiency: When there is a deficiency of zinc in an individuals body
• Zori Stalker Williams syndrome: A condition that is characterised by deformities of the head, chest and nails

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